Einen verbesserten Kipp'schen Apparat

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Oligoethylene‐end‐capped polylactides

Oligoethylene‐end‐capped polylactides were synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of L ‐lactide with alcohol‐terminated oligoethylenes as macroinitiators. The polymerization of L ‐lactide was carried out in bulk at 130 °C in the presence of stannous octoate and primary alcohols with four different molecular weights: 350, 425, 550, and 700 g/mol. The end‐capped copolymers that formed had a number‐average molecular weight of approximately 40,000 (weight‐average molecular weight/number‐average molecular weight = 1.7) according to gel permeation chromatography and were highly crystalline in comparison with the similarly formed homopolymer of L ‐lactide. The copolymer structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. This work focused on developing more crystallizable and hydrolytically stable polylactide derivatives that could potentially be used as compatibilizers in polylactide–polyolefin blends or as nucleating agents for poly(L ‐lactide) or other polyesters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5257–5266, 2005     

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Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Rotational Energy Profile of 3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Di-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-oxide

Abstract  

1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are potent antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction leading to selective DNA damage in the low oxygen (hypoxic) cells found in tumors. Tirapazamine (TPZ) is the lead compound in this family. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3). Compound 3 (C₁₀H₁₀N₃O₂) crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Unit cell parameters for 3: a = 16.6306 (12), b = 7.799 (5), c = 16.0113 (11) ?, α = 90, β = 119.0440 (10), γ = 90, and z = 8.     

Second order gradient ascent pulse engineering

We report some improvements to the gradient ascent pulse engineering (GRAPE) algorithm for optimal control of spin ensembles and other quantum systems. These include more accurate gradients, convergence acceleration using the Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton algorithm as well as faster control derivative calculation algorithms. In all test systems, the wall clock time and the convergence rates show a considerable improvement over the approximate gradient ascent.     

Analytical Polarization and Coherence Transfer Functions for Three Dipolar Coupled Spins

Analytical polarization and coherence transfer functions are presented for a spin system consisting of three dipolar coupled homonuclear spins under energy matched conditions. Based on these transfer functions, optimal durations of Hartmann–Hahn mixing periods can be determined for arbitrary dipolar coupling constants D₁₂, D₁₃, and D₂₃. In addition, the dependence of the transfer efficiency on the relative size of the dipolar coupling constants is illustrated.